Search results for "law courts"
showing 3 items of 3 documents
Découvrir l'imposteur : expertises dans la prison de Valence au milieu du xve siècle
2020
Les médecins étaient souvent appelés à intervenir en tant qu’experts dans les cours de justice de la ville de Valence à la fin du Moyen Âge. Ils étaient sollicités pour des raisons diverses et on attendait d’eux qu’ils rendent des jugements ou des pronostics. Un des cadres dans lesquels ils apparaissaient est la prison. La torture faisait partie du développement des procédures judiciaires en tant qu’élément destiné à prouver les faits, pour empêcher que le juge ait le moindre doute. Les doutes suscités par de possibles simulations requéraient les compétences de ces experts, à qui revenait la décision d’infliger ou non la torture au prisonnier. Cet article analyse par le menu un cas particul…
The liability of the shipmaster in early modern law: comparative (and practice-oriented) remarks
2017
This article deals with the liability of the shipmaster in early modern law in civil and common law, focusing on the approach of Italian and (to a lesser extent) also Iberian courts on the one hand, and on that of common law courts (mostly the King's Bench) on the other. The practice-oriented approach is deliberate: the article seeks to understand what the actual position of the carrier was, not how did learned jurists classify it. Once distinguished practice from dogmatic elaborations (especially for the civil law), this work then proceeds to compare the rules applicable in the two different legal systems. Common law courts imposed strict liability on the shipmaster, for it qualified the c…
The Barratry of the Shipmaster in Early Modern Law: The Approach of Italian and English Law Courts
2019
Summary For a long time, the concept of barratry (at least in its maritime meaning) was one and the same on both sides of the Channel. The barratry of the shipmaster was part of the mercantile usages, and it identified the intentionally blameworthy conduct of the master. When law courts began to decide on insurance litigation they were confronted with a notion quite alien to them. Broadly speaking, the shipmaster’s barratry could well be considered a fraud of sort. But in order to decide on its occurrence in a specific case, law courts had to analyse it in legal terms, and so according to the specific legal categories of their own system. The point ceases to be trivially obvious if we think…